A Bible Study on Death, Life, and Eternity
A journey through Scripture examining death, resurrection, immortality, and the believer’s hope in Jesus Christ.
Before We Begin
The Purpose of This Study
Few questions are more important than these:
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What happens when a person dies?
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What is the Christian’s hope?
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When do believers receive eternal life and immortality?
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What does the Bible teach concerning death, resurrection, and eternity?
For many people, these questions are deeply personal. We may ask them while standing beside the grave of a loved one, while facing illness ourselves, or while searching the Scriptures for a clearer understanding of God’s promises.
As followers of Jesus Christ, we recognize that many sincere believers have arrived at different conclusions regarding these subjects. Our purpose is not to question anyone’s love for Jesus or sincerity of faith, but to prayerfully examine the Scriptures together and seek the guidance of the Holy Spirit.
As you work through this study, we encourage you to read every passage carefully and prayerfully. Resist the temptation to rush ahead to conclusions. Instead, consider each text in its context and ask how it fits within the broader testimony of Scripture.
The Bible often reveals truth progressively. One passage may introduce a subject, while another adds clarity and depth. As we compare Scripture with Scripture, a larger picture begins to emerge.
Throughout this study, we invite you to open God’s Word with a humble heart and ask the Holy Spirit to guide your understanding.
“Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatsoever he shall hear, that shall he speak: and he will shew you things to come.”
John 16:13 (KJV)
Reflection Questions
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What assumptions have I inherited about death and eternity?
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Am I willing to let Scripture examine those assumptions?
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Am I willing to follow truth wherever God leads?
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Am I approaching this study with a teachable spirit?
Moving Forward
As we begin, let us remember that the goal of this study is not merely to gain information, but to know God more fully through His Word. May we approach the Scriptures with humility, prayer, and a sincere desire to understand what God has revealed concerning life, death, resurrection, and eternity.
An Invitation to Prayer
Before opening the Scriptures, consider taking a moment to pray.
The Bible is more than a collection of ancient writings. It is God’s revelation of Himself, His character, and His plan of redemption. Because spiritual things are spiritually discerned, we need more than intellectual knowledge. We need the guidance of the Holy Spirit.
The Apostle Paul wrote:
“But as it is written, Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love him.
But God hath revealed them unto us by his Spirit: for the Spirit searcheth all things, yea, the deep things of God.”
1 Corinthians 2:9-10 (KJV)
And again:
“Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but the spirit which is of God; that we might know the things that are freely given to us of God.”
1 Corinthians 2:12 (KJV)
Jesus promised:
“Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth…”
John 16:13 (KJV)
As we study the subject of death, resurrection, immortality, and eternal life, let us invite the Holy Spirit to guide our understanding and give us a willing heart to follow God’s Word wherever it may lead.
Suggested Prayer
Father,
As I open Your Word, I ask for the guidance of Your Holy Spirit. Give me a humble and teachable heart. Help me to set aside preconceived ideas and to carefully consider what the Scriptures teach.
Open my eyes to behold wondrous things out of Thy law. Lead me into truth, deepen my understanding of Your character, and help me to trust Your Word above every human opinion or tradition.
Above all, help me to see Jesus more clearly, for He is the resurrection and the life.
In Jesus’ name, Amen.
Reflection Questions
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Have I invited the Holy Spirit to guide my study?
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Am I willing to follow God’s Word even when it challenges my assumptions?
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Do I desire truth more than confirmation of what I already believe?
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How might prayer change the way I approach this study?
Moving Forward
With prayerful hearts and open Bibles, let us now consider the method God has given us for understanding His Word.
How Shall We Study the Bible?
Before we begin examining what the Scriptures teach about death, resurrection, and eternal life, it is important to consider how we approach the Bible itself.
Many sincere Christians love God and desire to follow His Word. Yet believers sometimes arrive at different conclusions because they approach Scripture differently. For this reason, understanding a biblical method of study is just as important as studying the subject itself.
The Bible encourages us to compare Scripture with Scripture and allow God’s Word to explain itself.
The prophet Isaiah wrote:
“Whom shall he teach knowledge? and whom shall he make to understand doctrine? them that are weaned from the milk, and drawn from the breasts.
For precept must be upon precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, and there a little:”
Isaiah 28:9-10 (KJV)
Truth is often revealed progressively throughout Scripture. One passage introduces a subject. Another expands upon it. Still another provides clarity and context. As these pieces are brought together, a larger picture emerges.
The Bereans were commended because they tested what they heard against the Scriptures.
“These were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so.”
Acts 17:11 (KJV)
Notice that they did not simply accept a teaching because it was popular, traditional, or presented by a respected speaker. They searched the Scriptures for themselves.
The Apostle Paul also wrote:
“Which things also we speak, not in the words which man’s wisdom teacheth, but which the Holy Ghost teacheth; comparing spiritual things with spiritual.”
1 Corinthians 2:13 (KJV)
As we study, we will seek to follow these principles:
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Allow Scripture to interpret Scripture.
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Consider all relevant passages, not merely a few.
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Read verses within their context.
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Let clear passages help explain more difficult ones.
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Depend upon the guidance of the Holy Spirit.
There is a natural temptation to build a doctrine upon a single verse that seems to support a particular view. Yet Scripture encourages us to examine the whole testimony of God’s Word.
A question worth considering throughout this study is:
What picture emerges when all the relevant passages are placed side by side?
This does not mean every question will be answered by a single text. Rather, we will seek to understand the harmony of Scripture as a whole.
Consider
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Why is it important to compare Scripture with Scripture?
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What dangers exist when we build doctrine upon a single verse?
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How can context help us understand a passage correctly?
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Am I willing to examine all the evidence before reaching a conclusion?
A Possible Observation
Throughout Scripture, God invites His people to search, consider, compare, and test. Genuine faith is not afraid of careful examination because truth and Scripture will always agree.
Moving Forward
With these principles in mind, let us return to the beginning and consider the first conversation in Scripture concerning death.
The Question That Began in Eden
To understand what the Bible teaches about death, it may be helpful to begin where the story begins.
The first pages of Scripture introduce not only God’s creation and His love for mankind, but also the first recorded deception.
As we study this subject, it is worth considering that the very first point upon which the enemy directly contradicted God involved the question of death. If this was the first area of attack, it may be worthy of careful examination.
God had created Adam and Eve and placed them in a perfect environment. They enjoyed fellowship with their Creator and had access to the tree of life.
God gave them a simple instruction:
“But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.”
Genesis 2:17 (KJV)
The warning was clear.
God said:
“Thou shalt surely die.”
Later, the serpent approached Eve and spoke directly against what God had said:
“And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die:”
Genesis 3:4 (KJV)
Here we find two very different messages.
God declared:
“Thou shalt surely die.”
The serpent declared:
“Ye shall not surely die.”
As we continue our study, we will examine what the rest of Scripture teaches concerning death, resurrection, immortality, and eternal life.
Before moving forward, consider the significance of this first conversation.
The enemy could have chosen many subjects upon which to challenge God’s Word. Yet the first direct contradiction recorded in Scripture concerns the consequence of sin and the nature of death.
While this observation does not by itself answer every question, it does encourage us to carefully examine what the Bible says on this subject and to consider whether the testimony of Scripture consistently supports one of these two statements.
Consider
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What did God say would be the consequence of sin?
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What did the serpent say?
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Why do you think the enemy chose this particular point upon which to challenge God’s Word?
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If this was the first recorded deception, what importance might it have in understanding the rest of Scripture?
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As you continue this study, which of these two statements does the broader testimony of Scripture appear to support?
A Possible Observation
The first direct contradiction of God’s Word recorded in Scripture concerns the subject of death. This alone may not settle the question, but it invites us to carefully examine everything the Bible has to say about life, death, resurrection, and eternity.
Moving Forward
Before considering what happens at death, let us first examine what Scripture teaches about the nature of man and what it means to be a living soul.
What Is a Living Soul?
Before asking what happens when a person dies, it may be helpful to ask a more fundamental question:
What is a living soul?
The answer may help us understand many of the passages we will encounter throughout this study.
The creation account provides the foundation.
“And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.”
Genesis 2:7 (KJV)
Notice carefully what the verse says.
First, God formed man from the dust of the ground.
Second, God breathed into him the breath of life.
Then man became a living soul.
The text does not say that God placed a living soul inside man.
Rather, it says that man became a living soul.
The picture presented is simple:
Dust of the ground + Breath of life from God = A living soul
As we continue our study, it may be helpful to remember this foundational passage and allow Scripture to build upon it.
The Bible also reminds us that the life we possess comes from God.
When speaking of mankind, Job declared:
“All the while my breath is in me, and the spirit of God is in my nostrils;”
Job 27:3 (KJV)
And later:
“If he set his heart upon man, if he gather unto himself his spirit and his breath;
All flesh shall perish together, and man shall turn again unto dust.”
Job 34:14-15 (KJV)
These verses invite us to consider the relationship between God’s life-giving breath and human existence.
The wise man also wrote:
“Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was: and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it.”
Ecclesiastes 12:7 (KJV)
As we read this passage, it is important to allow Scripture to define its own terms.
The verse says:
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The dust returns to the earth.
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The spirit returns to God who gave it.
As we continue our study, we will examine other passages that help us understand what happens when life returns to God and what condition the dead are in while awaiting the resurrection.
One additional passage deserves consideration:
“Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth, it shall die.”
Ezekiel 18:4 (KJV)
And again:
“The soul that sinneth, it shall die.”
Ezekiel 18:20 (KJV)
These passages raise important questions concerning the nature of man, mortality, and eternal life.
Consider
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According to Genesis 2:7, what two elements came together to create a living soul?
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Does the text say man possesses a soul, or that man became a living soul?
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What happens when God gathers back the breath of life?
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What returns to the earth according to Ecclesiastes 12:7?
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What returns to God?
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What does Ezekiel say concerning the soul that sins?
A Possible Observation
The creation account presents life as a gift from God. Humanity exists because God gives life, and Scripture repeatedly points to our dependence upon Him for every breath.
As we continue our study, an important question begins to emerge:
If life comes from God and returns to God, what does the Bible say about the condition of those who have died?
Moving Forward
Having considered the creation of man and the source of life, let us now examine what the Old Testament says about death itself.
What Does the Old Testament Say About Death?
As we begin examining the Old Testament testimony concerning death, it may be helpful to consider an important question.
Some readers may wonder whether the Old Testament should carry the same weight as the New Testament when studying this subject. Yet when Jesus taught, He repeatedly appealed to Moses, the Psalms, and the Prophets. The Scriptures available to Jesus, His disciples, and the early church were what we now call the Old Testament.
After His resurrection, Jesus explained His mission from these Scriptures:
“And beginning at Moses and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself.”
Luke 24:27 (KJV)
Later He said:
“These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things must be fulfilled, which were written in the law of Moses, and in the prophets, and in the psalms, concerning me.”
Luke 24:44 (KJV)
The New Testament does not replace the Old Testament. Rather, it builds upon it.
The same God who inspired Moses inspired Paul. The same Spirit who spoke through David spoke through John. Together they form one harmonious testimony.
As we examine these passages, notice the themes that repeatedly emerge. Ask yourself what picture of death develops when these passages are placed side by side.
Return to Dust
One of the earliest descriptions of death is found in God’s words to Adam after sin entered the world.
“In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.”
Genesis 3:19 (KJV)
The statement is simple and direct.
Man was formed from the dust.
At death, man returns to the dust.
Consider
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What does God say happens at death?
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What returns to the dust?
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Is anything else described in this passage?
The Dead Do Not Praise God
David wrote:
“The dead praise not the LORD, neither any that go down into silence.”
Psalm 115:17 (KJV)
Earlier he had written:
“For in death there is no remembrance of thee: in the grave who shall give thee thanks?”
Psalm 6:5 (KJV)
Notice the language David uses.
The dead do not praise.
The dead do not give thanks.
The dead are described as entering silence.
Consider
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How does David describe the condition of the dead?
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What activities are absent according to these verses?
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How does this compare with other passages you have studied?
The Thoughts Perish
The Psalms provide another remarkable description.
“Put not your trust in princes, nor in the son of man, in whom there is no help.
His breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth; in that very day his thoughts perish.”
Psalm 146:3-4 (KJV)
Notice the sequence:
His breath departs.
He returns to the earth.
His thoughts perish.
The psalmist does not describe ongoing plans, knowledge, or conscious activity. Instead, he emphasizes the end of human thought and dependence upon God.
Consider
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What happens when a person’s breath departs?
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What happens to his thoughts?
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How does this passage contribute to the Bible’s overall description of death?
The Dead Know Not Anything
Perhaps the most direct statement in the Old Testament appears in Ecclesiastes.
“For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten.
Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any thing that is done under the sun.”
Ecclesiastes 9:5-6 (KJV)
A few verses later Solomon adds:
“Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might; for there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave, whither thou goest.”
Ecclesiastes 9:10 (KJV)
Notice the list Solomon provides.
No work.
No device.
No knowledge.
No wisdom.
Consider
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What does Solomon say the dead know?
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What activities does he say are absent in the grave?
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How does this passage compare with David’s description of death?
Job’s Testimony
Job also reflected deeply on the reality of death.
“So man lieth down, and riseth not: till the heavens be no more, they shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep.”
Job 14:12 (KJV)
Notice that Job uses the language of sleep.
The dead rest.
The dead sleep.
The dead await a future awakening.
Later Job expresses hope beyond the grave.
“For I know that my redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth:
And though after my skin worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God.”
Job 19:25-26 (KJV)
Job’s hope was not merely escape from death.
His hope was that his Redeemer would one day stand upon the earth and that he would see God.
Consider
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Why does Job describe death as sleep?
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What future event is Job looking forward to?
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How does Job’s hope compare with later passages concerning resurrection?
Daniel’s Resurrection Hope
The prophet Daniel provides one of the clearest Old Testament descriptions of resurrection.
“And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.”
Daniel 12:2 (KJV)
Notice the sequence:
They sleep.
They are in the dust.
They awake.
The focus is not upon death itself, but upon God’s promise to awaken those who sleep.
Consider
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Where does Daniel describe the dead as being?
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What are they doing?
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What event changes their condition?
A Possible Observation
Throughout the Old Testament, several consistent themes appear.
Death is frequently associated with returning to the dust.
The dead are described as silent.
Their thoughts perish.
They do not praise God.
They do not participate in the affairs of the living.
The dead are repeatedly described as sleeping and awaiting a future awakening.
As you continue this study, consider whether the New Testament builds upon these themes or presents a different picture.
Reflection Questions
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What common themes appear throughout these passages?
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How do the writers describe the condition of the dead?
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Why do you think the imagery of sleep appears repeatedly?
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What role does resurrection play in the hope of God’s people?
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How does the Old Testament testimony prepare us to understand the teachings of Jesus and the apostles?
Moving Forward
The Old Testament repeatedly points forward to a future awakening from death. Let us now examine how Jesus described death and why He repeatedly used the language of sleep when speaking of those who had died.
The Promise of Resurrection
Throughout the Bible, one hope shines brightly above all others.
It is the hope of the resurrection.
From the earliest pages of Scripture to the final promises of Revelation, God’s people are repeatedly directed to a future day when death will be defeated, the graves will be opened, and Christ will gather His people to Himself.
As we continue our study, it is important to notice how often Scripture points believers not merely to life beyond death, but specifically to the return of Jesus Christ and the resurrection of the dead.
The Second Coming is one of the most frequently mentioned themes in Scripture.
Some have estimated that there are well over 1,500 references to the return of Christ throughout the Bible. While not every reference is direct, the expectation of Christ’s coming, the resurrection of the dead, the judgment, and the restoration of all things forms a major thread running from Genesis to Revelation.
The Christian’s ultimate hope is not found in death.
It is found in the return of Jesus.
Job’s Hope
Even in one of the oldest books of the Bible, Job looked beyond death to a future day of deliverance.
“For I know that my redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth:
And though after my skin worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God:
Whom I shall see for myself, and mine eyes shall behold, and not another; though my reins be consumed within me.”
Job 19:25-27 (KJV)
Notice where Job places his hope.
Not in escaping death.
Not in avoiding the grave.
His hope rests in the living Redeemer who will stand upon the earth in the latter day.
Daniel’s Promise
Daniel also points us toward a future awakening.
“And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.”
Daniel 12:2 (KJV)
The dead are described as sleeping.
Their hope lies in the day they shall awake.
Martha’s Understanding
When Lazarus died, Jesus spoke with Martha.
Notice her understanding of the believer’s hope.
“Jesus saith unto her, Thy brother shall rise again.
Martha saith unto him, I know that he shall rise again in the resurrection at the last day.”
John 11:23-24 (KJV)
Martha expected a future resurrection.
She understood that God’s people would be raised in the last day.
Jesus did not correct her understanding.
Instead, He pointed her to Himself.
“Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live:”
John 11:25 (KJV)
Jesus is not merely the giver of resurrection.
He is the resurrection and the life.
Jesus’ Promise
Several times Jesus connected eternal life with a future resurrection.
“And this is the Father’s will which hath sent me, that of all which he hath given me I should lose nothing, but should raise it up again at the last day.”
John 6:39 (KJV)
“And this is the will of him that sent me, that every one which seeth the Son, and believeth on him, may have everlasting life: and I will raise him up at the last day.”
John 6:40 (KJV)
“No man can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him: and I will raise him up at the last day.”
John 6:44 (KJV)
“Whoso eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day.”
John 6:54 (KJV)
Notice how often Jesus repeats the same promise.
“I will raise him up at the last day.”
The focus remains upon resurrection.
The Blessed Hope
The apostles continued to proclaim the same hope.
Paul wrote:
“Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ;”
Titus 2:13 (KJV)
Notice that Paul calls the appearing of Christ our “blessed hope.”
The Christian’s hope is inseparably connected with the return of Jesus.
The Lord Himself Shall Descend
Perhaps no passage connects the Second Coming and resurrection more clearly than Paul’s words to the Thessalonians.
Some believers feared that those who had died would somehow miss Christ’s return.
Paul comforted them with these words:
“But I would not have you to be ignorant, brethren, concerning them which are asleep, that ye sorrow not, even as others which have no hope.
For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring with him.
For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent them which are asleep.
For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first:
Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord.
Wherefore comfort one another with these words.”
1 Thessalonians 4:13-18 (KJV)
Notice the sequence Paul describes:
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Jesus returns.
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The dead in Christ rise.
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The living are transformed.
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Together they meet the Lord.
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They are forever with Him.
Paul’s comfort is centered upon the return of Christ and the resurrection of the dead.
A Promise Repeated Throughout Scripture
The Bible repeatedly directs our attention forward.
The prophets looked for it.
Jesus preached it.
The apostles proclaimed it.
The church awaited it.
The resurrection and the Second Coming are woven together throughout Scripture as the great hope of God’s people.
Consider
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Where did Job place his hope?
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What did Martha believe concerning her brother?
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How many times did Jesus promise to raise believers “at the last day”?
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Why do you think Paul comforted grieving believers by pointing them to Christ’s return?
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What role does the resurrection play in the Christian hope?
A Possible Observation
Throughout Scripture, God’s people consistently look forward to a future resurrection associated with the return of Jesus Christ. Rather than focusing upon death itself, the Bible repeatedly directs our attention to the day when Christ returns, the graves are opened, and God’s people receive the fulfillment of His promises.
Moving Forward
If the resurrection is central to the Christian hope, an important question naturally follows:
When do believers receive immortality?
To answer that question, we must carefully examine the Apostle Paul’s great resurrection chapter.
Jesus and the Sleep of Death
As followers of Jesus Christ, it is natural to ask an important question:
How did Jesus understand death?
Throughout the Old Testament, we have seen death described as a return to the dust, a condition of silence, and repeatedly as a sleep from which God’s people would one day awake.
If we desire to have the faith of Jesus, it is worth carefully considering how Jesus Himself spoke about those who had died.
The book of Revelation describes God’s faithful people as those who possess:
“Here is the patience of the saints: here are they that keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus.”
Revelation 14:12 (KJV)
Let us therefore examine the words of Christ Himself.
The Death of Lazarus
When Lazarus became sick, Jesus remained where He was for two additional days. During that time Lazarus died.
Afterward Jesus said to His disciples:
“These things said he: and after that he saith unto them, Our friend Lazarus sleepeth; but I go, that I may awake him out of sleep.
Then said his disciples, Lord, if he sleep, he shall do well.
Howbeit Jesus spake of his death: but they thought that he had spoken of taking of rest in sleep.
Then said Jesus unto them plainly, Lazarus is dead.”
John 11:11-14 (KJV)
Notice carefully what Jesus said.
He first described Lazarus as sleeping.
Then He plainly explained that Lazarus was dead.
Martha’s Hope
When Jesus arrived in Bethany, Martha came out to meet Him.
“Then said Martha unto Jesus, Lord, if thou hadst been here, my brother had not died.
But I know, that even now, whatsoever thou wilt ask of God, God will give it thee.
Jesus saith unto her, Thy brother shall rise again.
Martha saith unto him, I know that he shall rise again in the resurrection at the last day.
Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live:
And whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die. Believest thou this?
She saith unto him, Yea, Lord: I believe that thou art the Christ, the Son of God, which should come into the world.”
John 11:21-27 (KJV)
Notice Martha’s understanding.
When Jesus said:
“Thy brother shall rise again.”
Martha immediately connected that promise to:
“the resurrection at the last day.”
Jesus did not correct her expectation.
Instead, He directed her attention to Himself.
“I am the resurrection, and the life.”
Lazarus Comes Forth
A little later Jesus came to the tomb.
“Jesus therefore again groaning in himself cometh to the grave. It was a cave, and a stone lay upon it.
Jesus said, Take ye away the stone. Martha, the sister of him that was dead, saith unto him, Lord, by this time he stinketh: for he hath been dead four days.
Jesus saith unto her, Said I not unto thee, that, if thou wouldest believe, thou shouldest see the glory of God?
Then they took away the stone from the place where the dead was laid. And Jesus lifted up his eyes, and said, Father, I thank thee that thou hast heard me.
And I knew that thou hearest me always: but because of the people which stand by I said it, that they may believe that thou hast sent me.
And when he thus had spoken, he cried with a loud voice, Lazarus, come forth.
And he that was dead came forth, bound hand and foot with graveclothes: and his face was bound about with a napkin. Jesus saith unto them, Loose him, and let him go.”
John 11:38-44 (KJV)
Notice that Lazarus was in the grave.
Jesus called.
Lazarus came forth.
The focus remains upon Christ’s power to awaken the dead.
The Daughter of Jairus
Jesus used similar language concerning the daughter of Jairus.
“While he yet spake, there cometh one from the ruler of the synagogue’s house, saying to him, Thy daughter is dead; trouble not the Master.
But when Jesus heard it, he answered him, saying, Fear not: believe only, and she shall be made whole.
And when he came into the house, he suffered no man to go in, save Peter, and James, and John, and the father and the mother of the maiden.
And all wept, and bewailed her: but he said, Weep not; she is not dead, but sleepeth.
And they laughed him to scorn, knowing that she was dead.
And he put them all out, and took her by the hand, and called, saying, Maid, arise.
And her spirit came again, and she arose straightway: and he commanded to give her meat.”
Luke 8:49-55 (KJV)
Again, Jesus described death using the language of sleep.
Then He awakened the child.
The Voice That Awakens the Dead
Jesus also spoke of a future resurrection involving all who are in the graves.
“Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that heareth my word, and believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life, and shall not come into condemnation; but is passed from death unto life.
Verily, verily, I say unto you, The hour is coming, and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God: and they that hear shall live.
For as the Father hath life in himself; so hath he given to the Son to have life in himself;
And hath given him authority to execute judgment also, because he is the Son of man.
Marvel not at this: for the hour is coming, in the which all that are in the graves shall hear his voice,
And shall come forth; they that have done good, unto the resurrection of life; and they that have done evil, unto the resurrection of damnation.”
John 5:24-29 (KJV)
Notice where Jesus places the dead.
He says they are:
“in the graves”
And He says the hour is coming when they shall:
“hear his voice”
and
“come forth.”
Consider
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How did Jesus describe the death of Lazarus?
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What did Martha believe concerning her brother’s future?
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Where was Lazarus when Jesus called him?
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How did Jesus describe the daughter of Jairus?
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According to Jesus, where are the dead in John 5:28?
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What event causes them to come forth?
-
Why do you think Jesus repeatedly used the language of sleep and awakening?
A Possible Observation
Whenever Jesus spoke directly concerning those who had died, He consistently used language associated with sleep, awakening, graves, resurrection, and life through Himself. As you continue this study, consider how these passages relate to the promises of resurrection found throughout the rest of Scripture.
Moving Forward
Jesus repeatedly directed His followers toward the hope of resurrection. The Apostle Paul expands upon this hope in what is perhaps the most comprehensive chapter in Scripture concerning the resurrection of the dead: 1 Corinthians 15.
Paul's Great Resurrection Hope
As we have seen throughout the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus, God’s people repeatedly look forward to a future resurrection.
The Apostle Paul develops this hope more fully than any other New Testament writer.
As we examine his writings, consider the following question:
What does Paul consistently present as the believer’s great hope?
Is the emphasis placed upon death itself?
Or is it placed upon the resurrection and the return of Jesus Christ?
Let us allow Paul to answer for himself.
Christ the Firstfruits
Writing to the believers in Corinth, Paul addresses doubts concerning the resurrection.
“But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of them that slept.
For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead.
For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.
But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ’s at his coming.”
1 Corinthians 15:20-23 (KJV)
Notice the sequence Paul describes.
Christ was raised first.
Those who belong to Christ are raised afterward.
And when does Paul say this occurs?
“At his coming.”
Consider
-
What event does Paul associate with the resurrection of believers?
-
Why do you think Paul connects resurrection with the coming of Christ?
If There Is No Resurrection
Paul places enormous importance upon resurrection.
“And if Christ be not raised, your faith is vain; ye are yet in your sins.
Then they also which are fallen asleep in Christ are perished.”
1 Corinthians 15:17-18 (KJV)
Notice Paul’s reasoning.
If there is no resurrection:
-
Faith is vain.
-
The dead in Christ have perished.
Paul does not direct the reader to another hope.
Instead, he repeatedly points to resurrection.
Consider
-
Why is resurrection so central to Paul’s gospel?
-
What does Paul say happens if there is no resurrection?
The Last Trump
Paul next describes a future event.
“Behold, I shew you a mystery; We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed,
In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed.
For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.”
1 Corinthians 15:51-53 (KJV)
Notice carefully what Paul says.
The dead are raised.
The living are changed.
Mortality puts on immortality.
And all of this occurs:
“at the last trump.”
Consider
-
When does Paul say immortality is received?
-
Why does Paul connect immortality with resurrection?
-
How does this passage fit with the promise that Christ will return?
Death Swallowed Up in Victory
Paul concludes his resurrection chapter with these words:
“So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory.
O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory?”
1 Corinthians 15:54-55 (KJV)
Notice that death’s defeat is connected to resurrection and immortality.
Paul’s attention remains fixed upon the future triumph of Christ over the grave.
The Lord Himself Shall Descend
Paul’s teaching to the Thessalonians reveals the same pattern.
Some believers were grieving the loss of loved ones.
Paul comforts them with these words:
“But I would not have you to be ignorant, brethren, concerning them which are asleep, that ye sorrow not, even as others which have no hope.
For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring with him.
For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent them which are asleep.
For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first:
Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord.
Wherefore comfort one another with these words.”
1 Thessalonians 4:13-18 (KJV)
Notice the sequence:
-
The Lord descends from heaven.
-
The dead in Christ rise.
-
The living are caught up together with them.
-
Together they meet the Lord.
Paul’s comfort is centered upon Christ’s return and the resurrection of the dead.
Consider
-
What event brings comfort to grieving believers?
-
Why does Paul focus on resurrection rather than death itself?
-
What happens when the Lord descends from heaven?
The Blessed Hope
Paul describes the Christian’s expectation in these words:
“Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ;”
Titus 2:13 (KJV)
And again:
“For our conversation is in heaven; from whence also we look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ:
Who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned like unto his glorious body…”
Philippians 3:20-21 (KJV)
Notice where Paul directs the believer’s attention.
He points forward.
He points toward the appearing of Christ.
He points toward the transformation of the body.
He points toward resurrection and immortality.
Consider
-
What does Paul call the believer’s “blessed hope”?
-
What future event is repeatedly emphasized?
-
How often does Paul direct our attention to the coming of Christ?
A Possible Observation
Across multiple letters written to different churches, Paul consistently emphasizes the same hope:
-
The return of Jesus Christ.
-
The resurrection of the dead.
-
The transformation of the living.
-
The receiving of immortality.
-
The final victory over death.
As you reflect upon these passages, consider how they fit together and what picture of the believer’s hope emerges from Paul’s writings as a whole.
Moving Forward
Having examined Paul’s repeated emphasis upon resurrection and the return of Christ, we now turn to an important question:
When does Scripture teach that immortality is received, and who possesses immortality by nature?
A Frequently Asked Question: The Thief on the Cross
As we have examined the testimony of the Old Testament, the teachings of Jesus, and the writings of Paul, a consistent theme has emerged: the hope of God’s people is repeatedly connected with resurrection and the return of Jesus Christ.
At this point, many readers naturally think of a passage that is often discussed in studies concerning death and eternal life.
The passage is Jesus’ conversation with the repentant thief on the cross.
Because this verse is frequently referenced in discussions about what happens at death, it deserves careful and prayerful consideration.
As with every subject in this study, our goal is not to force a conclusion, but to compare Scripture with Scripture and allow the Bible to speak for itself.
The Promise to the Thief
As Jesus hung upon the cross, one of the thieves crucified beside Him turned to Him in faith.
“And he said unto Jesus, Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom.
And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise.”
Luke 23:42-43 (KJV)
This is one of the most beautiful promises found in Scripture.
A dying sinner placed his faith in Christ.
Jesus assured him that he would be with Him in paradise.
The question before us is not whether the promise was genuine.
The question is:
When would this promise be fulfilled?
A Note About Punctuation
It may be helpful to remember that the earliest Greek manuscripts did not contain the punctuation marks found in modern Bibles.
Commas, periods, quotation marks, and verse divisions were added centuries later by translators and editors to assist readers.
Because of this, the placement of a comma can affect how a sentence is understood.
Many readers are familiar with the verse as it appears in the King James Version:
“Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise.”
Others have suggested that the statement may be understood as:
“Verily I say unto thee today, thou shalt be with me in paradise.”
In either case, the promise remains certain:
The thief will be with Christ in paradise.
The question is when that promise is fulfilled.
Another Passage to Consider
After His resurrection, Jesus appeared to Mary Magdalene.
Notice what He said:
“Jesus saith unto her, Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father: but go to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father, and your Father; and to my God, and your God.”
John 20:17 (KJV)
This statement was made on the first day of the week following the crucifixion.
Consider
-
If Jesus had not yet ascended to His Father on Sunday morning, how should we understand His promise to the thief on Friday?
-
How do these two passages fit together?
The Kingdom Yet Future
Notice the thief’s actual request.
“Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom.”
Luke 23:42 (KJV)
The thief did not ask to be remembered that day.
He asked to be remembered when Christ came into His kingdom.
Throughout the Gospels, Jesus repeatedly connected His kingdom with future events associated with His return.
Consider the words of Jesus:
“When the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory.”
Matthew 25:31 (KJV)
And again:
“For the Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father with his angels; and then he shall reward every man according to his works.”
Matthew 16:27 (KJV)
Consider
-
What was the thief asking Jesus to remember?
-
When does Jesus say He comes into His kingdom?
-
When does Jesus say rewards are given?
Comparing Scripture with Scripture
Throughout this study we have seen several recurring themes:
-
Daniel spoke of those who sleep in the dust awakening.
-
Martha expected her brother to rise again “at the last day.”
-
Jesus described death as sleep and pointed to resurrection.
-
Paul repeatedly connected immortality with the resurrection and the coming of Christ.
-
The dead in Christ rise when the Lord descends from heaven.
As students of Scripture, we are invited to consider how Luke 23:43 fits within this broader testimony.
Consider
-
How should a difficult or disputed passage be understood in light of many clear passages?
-
What picture emerges when Luke 23:43 is read alongside John 20:17, John 11, 1 Corinthians 15, and 1 Thessalonians 4?
-
What does the Bible consistently present as the believer’s great hope?
A Possible Observation
The promise Jesus made to the thief is certain and precious. The question is not whether the thief will be with Christ in paradise, but how that promise harmonizes with the broader testimony of Scripture concerning death, resurrection, and the return of Jesus Christ.
Moving Forward
Having considered one of the most frequently discussed passages on this subject, let us now examine another important biblical phrase that appears near the close of Scripture: the second death.
The Second Death
As we have seen throughout this study, the Bible repeatedly points us toward the resurrection of the dead and the return of Jesus Christ.
Near the close of Scripture, another phrase appears several times:
“The second death.”
Because this phrase occurs in the final chapters of Revelation, it is worth examining carefully.
What is the second death?
When does it occur?
How does it fit within God’s plan to bring an end to sin, suffering, and death?
Let us allow Scripture to guide us.
The First Death and the Second Death
The death experienced by humanity since Adam is often called the first death.
Throughout history, both the righteous and the wicked have experienced this death.
Abraham died.
David died.
The apostles died.
Even Lazarus died after being raised by Jesus.
Yet Scripture speaks of another death.
Jesus said:
“He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; He that overcometh shall not be hurt of the second death.”
Revelation 2:11 (KJV)
Notice that God’s faithful people are promised protection from this second death.
The First Resurrection
Later, John is shown a vision of God’s people.
“And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them…
and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years.
But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection.
Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power…”
Revelation 20:4-6 (KJV)
Notice several important details.
There is a resurrection.
There is a thousand-year period.
There are those who participate in the first resurrection.
And there are others who remain dead until the thousand years are finished.
John also tells us:
“On such the second death hath no power.”
Consider
-
Who participates in the first resurrection?
-
What promise is given to them?
-
Why do you think the second death has no power over those raised in the first resurrection?
The Judgment
At the conclusion of the thousand years, John describes another scene.
“And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away…
And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened…
and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works.”
Revelation 20:11-12 (KJV)
John continues:
“And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works.”
Revelation 20:13 (KJV)
Notice that the dead are raised and stand before God in judgment.
No one is forgotten.
No one is overlooked.
The Judge of all the earth does right.
The Second Death
After judgment, John records these words:
“And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death.”
Revelation 20:14 (KJV)
A few verses later he writes:
“But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars,
shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death.”
Revelation 21:8 (KJV)
Notice the language Scripture uses.
John does not call this the second life.
He does not call it a second existence.
He calls it:
“the second death.”
Consider
-
Why do you think Scripture uses the word “death” to describe this event?
-
What distinction does Revelation make between the first death and the second death?
-
Why are God’s people promised protection from the second death?
God’s Purpose
The final chapters of Revelation reveal God’s desire to bring an end to all the effects of sin.
The second death appears in the context of judgment, justice, and the removal of evil from God’s creation.
As you consider these passages, reflect on the character of God revealed in them.
God does not ignore sin.
Neither does He forget mercy.
The same God who gave His Son for the salvation of the world is also the God who promises to bring an end to suffering, rebellion, and death itself.
Reflection Questions
-
What events occur before the second death?
-
What role does judgment play in God’s plan?
-
Why is the second death described as occurring after the thousand years?
-
What does the promise of protection from the second death mean for believers?
-
How does this section prepare us for the promise that there shall be no more death?
Moving Forward
The Bible’s story began with the entrance of sin and death into God’s creation. It now moves toward a glorious conclusion in which death itself is destroyed and God makes all things new.
Eternal Life or Death: God's Final Answer to Sin
As we are nearing the conclusion of this study, it is worth returning to a question that has been present from the very beginning:
What does God mean when He speaks of death?
In the Garden of Eden, God warned Adam:
“But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.”
Genesis 2:17 (KJV)
The serpent responded:
“And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die:”
Genesis 3:4 (KJV)
These two statements present two very different understandings of sin and its consequences.
God said:
“Thou shalt surely die.”
The serpent said:
“Ye shall not surely die.”
Throughout this study, we have examined what the Bible itself says about death.
David wrote:
“His breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth; in that very day his thoughts perish.”
Psalm 146:4 (KJV)
Solomon wrote:
“For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing…”
Ecclesiastes 9:5 (KJV)
And:
“Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might; for there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave, whither thou goest.”
Ecclesiastes 9:10 (KJV)
Jesus repeatedly described death as sleep.
Paul repeatedly pointed believers to the resurrection as their hope.
The consistent testimony of Scripture is that death is the loss of life, awaiting the resurrection and judgment of God.
It may also be helpful to note that the English word hell in our Bibles often translates words associated with the grave, the realm of the dead, or the final judgment. Throughout Scripture, these concepts are closely connected to death rather than to life. As we examine what the Bible says about hell, the grave, perishing, destruction, and the second death, it is important to allow Scripture itself to define these terms. Rather than beginning with later traditions or assumptions, let us consider how God’s Word consistently describes the consequences of sin and the gift of eternal life through Jesus Christ.
The Gift of God
Jesus said:
“For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.”
John 3:16 (KJV)
Notice the contrast.
Perish.
Or everlasting life.
Paul presents the same contrast:
“For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.”
Romans 6:23 (KJV)
Again, the contrast is clear.
Death.
Or eternal life.
Scripture repeatedly presents eternal life as God’s gift through Jesus Christ.
The Bible never describes eternal life as the possession of all people. Rather, eternal life is presented as the inheritance of the redeemed through Christ.
Consider
-
What does Jesus contrast with everlasting life?
-
What does Paul contrast with eternal life?
-
What does the word “perish” mean?
-
What does the word “death” mean?
-
If eternal life is God’s gift through Christ, what does Scripture present as the alternative?
The Final End of Sin
The prophet Malachi describes God’s final judgment:
“For, behold, the day cometh, that shall burn as an oven; and all the proud, yea, and all that do wickedly, shall be stubble: and the day that cometh shall burn them up, saith the LORD of hosts, that it shall leave them neither root nor branch.”
Malachi 4:1 (KJV)
And:
“And ye shall tread down the wicked; for they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet…”
Malachi 4:3 (KJV)
Jesus said:
“But rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.”
Matthew 10:28 (KJV)
John describes the final judgment as:
“the second death.”
Revelation 20:14 (KJV)
Throughout Scripture, the language used is death, destruction, perishing, ashes, and the second death.
These passages invite us to consider whether the final judgment is presented as an endless continuation of life in suffering, or as the final and irreversible destruction of sin and sinners.
The Character of God
The Apostle John writes:
“He that loveth not knoweth not God; for God is love.”
1 John 4:8 (KJV)
The Bible reveals a God who is perfectly holy, perfectly just, and perfectly loving.
The same God who judges sin is the God who gave His Son for sinners.
The same God who warns of judgment is the God who desires that none should perish.
The same God who executes justice is the God who promises:
“And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away.”
Revelation 21:4 (KJV)
And:
“And he that sat upon the throne said, Behold, I make all things new.”
Revelation 21:5 (KJV)
As you reflect upon these passages, consider whether God’s final victory is presented as the perpetual preservation of sin, suffering, pain, and rebellion, or as their complete removal from His creation.
Consider
-
What does Scripture contrast with eternal life?
-
What does the Bible mean when it speaks of perishing?
-
Why is the final judgment called the second death?
-
What does it mean for the wicked to become stubble and ashes?
-
What does it mean for death, sorrow, crying, and pain to be no more?
-
How does God’s promise to make all things new help us understand His final victory over sin?
-
How do these passages help us understand both the justice and the love of God?
A Possible Observation
From Genesis to Revelation, the Bible presents a consistent contrast between life and death. Eternal life is God’s gift through Jesus Christ. Death is the wages of sin. The final judgment is called the second death. And God’s ultimate purpose is the complete removal of sin, suffering, and death from His creation, so that He may dwell forever with His redeemed people in a world made new.
The Bible begins with God’s warning:
“Thou shalt surely die.”
It ends with God’s promise:
“There shall be no more death.”
Between these two declarations stands the entire story of God’s love, justice, mercy, and redemption through Jesus Christ.
The Final Victory
The story of Scripture begins in a garden.
God created a perfect world, free from sin, suffering, pain, and death.
Yet through disobedience, sin entered the world, and with sin came death.
From that moment forward, humanity has lived under the shadow of the grave.
Every funeral.
Every tear.
Every broken heart.
Every cemetery.
Each serves as a reminder that something has gone terribly wrong.
But the Bible does not end where it began.
The God who warned Adam concerning death is the same God who promised a Redeemer, sent His Son into the world, conquered the grave through Christ’s resurrection, and promises to restore all things.
Throughout this study we have followed a consistent theme.
The Old Testament pointed forward to resurrection.
Jesus described death as sleep and promised to awaken those who sleep in the graves.
Paul repeatedly directed believers to the return of Christ, the resurrection of the dead, and the gift of immortality.
Revelation now brings the story to its glorious conclusion.
The Last Enemy
The Apostle Paul wrote:
“The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death.”
1 Corinthians 15:26 (KJV)
Notice that death itself is called an enemy.
Death was never part of God’s original plan.
It entered through sin.
Yet Paul assures us that death will not remain forever.
One day it will be destroyed.
Death Swallowed Up in Victory
Paul continues:
“So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory.
O death, where is thy sting?
O grave, where is thy victory?
The sting of death is sin; and the strength of sin is the law.
But thanks be to God, which giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.”
1 Corinthians 15:54-57 (KJV)
Notice where Paul places the believer’s confidence.
Not in death.
Not in the grave.
Not in human strength.
But in the victory won through Jesus Christ.
Death and Hell Cast Into the Lake of Fire
John describes the final removal of death itself.
“And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death.”
Revelation 20:14 (KJV)
The Bible presents a remarkable picture.
Not only are sin and rebellion brought to an end, but death itself is finally destroyed.
The enemy that has haunted humanity since Eden is removed forever.
A New Heaven and a New Earth
John then records one of the most beautiful promises in all of Scripture.
“And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away; and there was no more sea.
And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.
And I heard a great voice out of heaven saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and he will dwell with them, and they shall be his people, and God himself shall be with them, and be their God.
And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away.
And he that sat upon the throne said, Behold, I make all things new.”
Revelation 21:1-5 (KJV)
Notice the promise.
No more death.
No more sorrow.
No more crying.
No more pain.
The former things have passed away.
God makes all things new.
The Tree of Life Restored
The story that began in Eden now comes full circle.
John writes:
“And he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb.
In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river, was there the tree of life…”
Revelation 22:1-2 (KJV)
And again:
“Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the gates into the city.”
Revelation 22:14 (KJV)
The tree of life, lost in Eden, appears once again.
What was lost through sin is restored through Christ.
The Hope Set Before Us
The Bible begins with life.
It records the entrance of death.
It reveals God’s plan of redemption.
It points repeatedly to the resurrection.
It promises the return of Jesus Christ.
And it ends with life restored and death forever abolished.
Consider once more the words spoken in Eden:
“Thou shalt surely die.”
Genesis 2:17 (KJV)
Now consider the final promise of Revelation:
“There shall be no more death.”
Revelation 21:4 (KJV)
Between those two declarations stands the entire story of redemption.
The cross.
The resurrection of Jesus.
The resurrection of His people.
The destruction of death.
And the restoration of all things.
Consider
- What does the destruction of death reveal about the character of God?
- Why do you think the Bible ends with the promise that there shall be no more death?
- How does the resurrection of Jesus give assurance of the resurrection of His people?
- What part of this promise speaks most deeply to your heart?
A Possible Observation
The ultimate hope presented in Scripture is not merely life after death. It is the complete victory of Jesus Christ over sin, death, and the grave, resulting in a restored creation where God dwells with His people forever.
Moving Forward
As we conclude this study, take time to reflect upon the testimony of Scripture as a whole and consider what God may be teaching you through His Word.
Personal Reflection and Prayer
As you conclude this study, take a moment to reflect upon the testimony of Scripture as a whole.
From Genesis to Revelation, the Bible presents a remarkable story.
The entrance of sin.
The reality of death.
The promise of a Redeemer.
The hope of resurrection.
The return of Jesus Christ.
The destruction of death.
The restoration of all things.
Throughout this study, you have examined passages from Moses, Job, David, Solomon, Daniel, Jesus, Paul, and John.
As you reflect upon these Scriptures, consider not only what they teach about death and resurrection, but what they reveal about the character of God.
The God revealed in Scripture is a God who loves life.
A God who grieves over suffering.
A God who sent His Son to conquer sin and death.
A God who promises that one day there shall be no more death.
Personal Reflection
Take a few moments to prayerfully consider the following questions:
- What picture of death emerges from the testimony of Scripture as a whole?
- What role does resurrection play in the believer’s hope?
- How has this study affected my understanding of eternal life?
- What have I learned about the character of God through these passages?
- Am I looking forward to the return of Jesus Christ?
- How can the promise of resurrection bring comfort during seasons of grief and loss?
You may wish to record your thoughts in a journal before continuing.
Closing Prayer
Father,
Thank You for the gift of Your Word and for the hope found in Jesus Christ.
Thank You for the promise that death will not have the final word, and that through Christ there is the assurance of resurrection and eternal life.
Please continue to guide me by Your Holy Spirit. Help me to walk in the light You have given, to trust Your promises, and to keep my eyes fixed upon Jesus.
Strengthen my faith, deepen my understanding of Your character, and help me to live each day in anticipation of the glorious appearing of my Lord and Saviour.
Until that day when You make all things new, keep me faithful to You.
In Jesus’ name, Amen.
“And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away.”
Revelation 21:4 (KJV)